Dib U Dhiska Garoomada Diyaaradaha: Qorshe Ilaa Fulin 2025

Marka la dhisayo garoomada diyaaradaha ama dib loo casriyeynayo mid hore u jiray, waxa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu xisaabtamo oo qorshaha lagu daro, maankana lagu hayo, arrimo badan si loo xaqiijiyo airportku in uu noqdo mid wakhti badan jira, ammaan ah, badqabkiisu sugan yahay, dakhli soo saari kara, deegaanka aan dhib u gaysan, adeeg fiican bixin kara, fursado badan oo ganacsi abuuri kara, dadka isticmaalaya, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, dadka deegaanka iyo dalkana anfaca.

Saadaalinta tirada rakaabka (Passenger forecast)

Waxyaabaha loo baahan yahay in la ogaado bilowga horeba, waxa ka mid ah saadaalinta tirada rakaabka (Passenger forecast). Saadaalinta tirada rakaabku waa muhiim. Wax kale inta aan la qaban waxa daruuri ah in la saadaaliyo (forecast) tirada rakaabka ama dhoofayaasha isticmaali doona airportka 5ta, 10ka, 20ka ama 30ka sannadood ee socda. Macnaha Sannad kasta, qiyaastii, imisa qof ayaa isticmaali doona garoonka?

Si hadaba loo helo tiro xaqiiqada ku dhaw oo qiyaas fiican ka bixin karta tirada rakaabka ama dhoofayaasha isticmaali doona garoonka diyaaradaha sannadaha soo socda, waxa la qaadaa talaabooyin dhawr ah, iyada oo lagu xisaabtamayo arrimo badan (factors) oo saamaytooda leh, waxaana ka mid ah kuwan hoos ku xusan:-

Waxa dib loo raacaa xogta tirada rakaabka ama dhoofayaasha ee isticmaalay garoonka 5tii sannadood ee ugu danbeeyey (historic data). Si looga qiyaas qaato tirade mustaqbalka.

Waxa la eegaa oo la saadaaliyaa suuqa safarka cirka (Air Travel market) iyo isbedelada ku yimid sannadihii u danbeeyey ama ku iman kara sanadaha soo socda ee saamaynta ku yeelan kara tirada rakaabka ama dhoofayaasha, sida shirkado cusub oo suuqa soo galay iyo sida ay wax uga badaleen suuqii safarka, shirkado kacay iyo sida suuqii safarku uu u tabay, Xanuuno sababay xannibaad iyo dhoofkii oo istaagay iwm. Waa saadaal.

Waxa la eegaa korodhka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada ku yimaada sida tirada dhalashada (birth rate) iyo korodhka dadka, dhoofka iyo socdaalka bulshada iwm, si loo saadaaliyo tirada guud ee dalkaa sanadaha soo socda (Population).
Waxa la saadaaliyaa korodhka iyo koboca dhaqaalaha dalku (economy growth) inta uu leegaan doono iyo saamaynta togan ee uu ku yeelan karo safarka cirka iyo dhoofitaanka dadka.

Waxa la eegaa shirkadaha diyaaaradaha ee suurtogal ay tahay in ay garoonkaa isticmaali doonaan mustaqbalka, iyaga oo dalalkoodii ka keenaya rakaab (potential carrriers), gobolka ama aduunyada fog.

Waxa si gaar ah loo qiimeeyaa dadka dalxiisayaasha ah ee dalka iman kara sanadaha soo socda qiyaastooda, iyada oo la raacayo xogta laga hayo dalxiisayaashaa. Dabcan, tirada dalxiisayaashu waxa ay ku xidhan tahay waxyaabo badan sida nabadgelyda dalkaa ka jirta, tirada iyo tayada goobaha dalxiiska ee dalku uu leeeyahay (tourist attractions) iyo sida loogu diyaariyo in ay noqdaan goobo dalxiis iwm.

Waxa la saadaaliyaa dadka transit/transferka ah ee mari doona garoonka sanadaha soo socda, tiradaas oo ku xidhnaan doonta hadba sida uu garoonku u soo jiito diyaaradaha iyo dhoofayaasha kuwaas oo sii mari doona ama ku hakan doona garoonka iyaga oo u socda goobo kale.

Waxa la qiimeeyaa dalku ma leeyahay diyaarad waddani ah (national/flag carrier), taas oo suurtogalin karta in dad badan ay u kala qaado gudaha dalka, dad badan keento dalka iyo garoonkaba iyada oo aan ujeedada koowaad ahayn macaash ee dalka ku xidhaysa dunida inteeda kale. Waa arrin ay adag tahay in dawladuhu hirgeliyaan.

Waxa la qiimeeyaa tirada (percentage) bulshada ka mid ah ee haysata ama heli doonta Passport ay ku safraan, haysta ama heli kara dakhli iyo dhaqaale dheer quutal daruuruigooda oo ay isticmaali karaan (disposable income) kaas oo u saamaxaya in ay safraan ama dhoofaan.

Daraasada Qorshaha garoonka diyaaradaha

Marka xogahan badan la helo ee macluumaadkaa oo dhan la isla wada akhriyo, ayaa la sameeyaa saadaalinta rakaabka isticmaali doona garoonka sannadaha soo socda, iyada oo la samaynayo saadaalin saddex odoros leh oo ku salaysan ama laga qiyaaas qaadanayo tirada rakaabka ee hadda isticmaala garoonka (baseline).

Odoroska koowaad waxa lagu talogalaa in korodhka rakaabka isticmaalaya garoonku uu noqon doono mid hooseeya oo gaabis ah (pessimistic) oo sannadkii tiro yar oo aan ka badnayn tusaale ahaan 3% ay ku kordhi karto tirada rakaabka hadda isticmaala garoonka.

Odoroska 2aad waxa laga soo qaadayaa in korodhka rakaabku uu noqon doono mid si dabiici (average) ah u kordhaya oo sanadkiiba ay ku kordhi doonaan tusaale ahaan 5%, marka laga qiyaas qaato korodhkii sannadihii hore, iyada oo lagu talogalayo in aan wax saamayn taban ku yeesha korodhku dhici doonin sanadaha soo socda.

Odoroska 3aad waxa laga soo qaadaa in tirada dhoofayaashu ay si xawli ah u kordhi doonto sannadaha soo socda oo ay gaadhi doonto tusaale ahaan 7% taas oo lagu salaynayo, dhaqaalaha dalka oo kobci doona, dakhliga dadka oo kor u kici doona, shidaal iyo macdan dalku soo saari doono iwm).

Dib u dhiska garoomada diyaaradaha: Qorshe ilaa fulin (Hargeisa International Airport)

Hadaba, marka odoroskaa tirada rakaabka iyo saadaashaa lagu dabaqo garoonka diyaaradaha ee Hargeisa International Airport, oo sida aan ku qiyaasayo sanadkii 200,000 qof ay ka dhoofaan, waxa soo baxaysa qiyaasta tirada rakaabka ama dhoofayaasha isticmaali doona garoonka 20ka sannadood ee socda. Waana sidan hoos ku muujisan.

Pessimistic (3%): ~361,000 passengers/year in 20 years

Average/Normal (5%): ~531,000 passengers/year in 20 years

Optimistic (7%): ~774,000 passengers/year in 20 years

Diyaarinta qorshaha lagu hawlgali doono

Marka si miyir qabta qiyaasta tirada mustaqbalka rakaabka loo diyaariyo, waxa halkaa ka soo bixi doona baaxada iyo cabirka dhismaha rakaabka (Passenger Terminal) ee loo baahan yahay in la dhiso. Dhimahan waxa ku dhex ooli doona dhamaan xafiisyadii iyo goobihii laga waday hawsha airportka, kuwaas oo u baahan in la muujiyo mid kasta cabirka, xadiga iyo tirada looga baahan yahay.

Waaxa aan hoos ku taxay meelo ka mid ah kuwa ay tahay in la sii cayimo sida:-

Qolka ugu muhiimsan garoonka ee loo yaqaan “Operation room”, muxuu u baahan karaa dhul ahaan, farsamo ahaan iyo qalab ahaanba?

Tirada miisaska dadka laga hubiyo documentiyadooda (check-in desk/counters) ee loo baahnaan doono mustaqbalku waa intee? Goobtee ku haboon?

Imisa mishiin oo qofku iskii isugu shaqayn karo (self-service machine) marka uu dhoofayo ayaa loo baahan karaa mustaqbalka iyo goobtii ama halkii la dhigi lahaa oo dabcan ku dhaw counterska rakaabka looga adeego??

Tirada albaabada dadku ka baxaan (departure gates) marka ay diyaarada fuulayaan imisa ayey noqon karaaan?
Cabirka iyo xaddiga qalabka shandadaha xambaara (baggage conveyor belts) ee loo baahan karo, masaafada uu gaadhi karo, goobaha lagu rakibayo, iwm?

Goobaha lagu hubiyo Passporada (immigration counters) ee loo baahan karo mustaqbalku waa imisa? Goobtee ku haboon marka la eegayo qaabka uu noqon doono dhismaha terminalku?

Mishiinada E-passportka akhirya ee loo baahan karo mustaqbalka tiradooda iyo goobaha la dhigayo oo dabcan ku dhaw immigrationka?

Cabirka baaxada dhuleed ee loo baahan yahay in laga dhigo goobta dadka iyo alaabta ay sitaan (cabin baggage) lagu baadho ee amaanka lagu sugo (security screening area) oo muhiim ah iyo qalabka loo baahan karo in la dhigo iyo dhulka ay u baahan doonaan??

Imisa Runway ayuu airportku u baahan karaa, maadaama la qorshaynayo in uu sannado badan shaqeeyo oo dalka anafaco? Qaabka ay noqon doonaan waa sidee?

Imisa Taxiway ayaa munaasib ah oo dabcan ku xidhnaan doonta qaabka runwayga iyo airportka loo naqshadeeyo (layout)

Imisa Parking diyaaradeed ayuu u baahan karaa garoonku, iyada oo maanka lagu hayo in diyaaradaha mustaqbalka garoonka isticmaali doonaa ay noqon doonaan kuwo waaweyn sida A380, A350, B787 iwm oo waliba u baahan doona qalab gaar ah oo loogu adeego, salaam dheer oo dhuunta la maro ah oo dadku isticmaalo iwm.

https://www.iata.org/en/services/data/market-data/20-year-passenger-forecast

Goobta ugu haboon ee laga dhisi karo towerka iyada oo lagu xisaabtamayo layoutka ama designka airportka? Dhererkiisa? Qalabkiisa?

Goobta laga dhisayo kaydka shidaalka (fuel farm) iyada oo lagu xisaabtamayo in booyado ka soo qaadaan haamaha kaydka oo diyaardaha ugu keenaan parkingka ama dhulka hoostiisa la soo marin karo tuumbooyinka ka soo qaadaya shidaalka haamaha ee keenaya parkinka diyaaradaha?

Goobta laga dhisayo dabdemiska, badbnaadinta iyo samatabixinta oo muhiimad gaar ah leh maadaama badqabku uu leeyahay muhiimada koowaad. Waa in ay noqotaa goob si fudud oo dhakhso ah looga gaadhi karo goob kasta oo garoonka ah marka loo baahdo.

Qalabka loo baahan karo ee dabdemiska, badbaadinta iyo samatabixinta ee muddada dheer iyo goobaha laga qaadan karo dareeraha lagula tacaalo noocyada kala duwan ee dabka.

Imisa Jet bridge ayaa loo baahan doonaa, waa tuumbada rakaaabku dhex maro marka ay diyaaradaha fuulayaan ama ka soo dagayaane?

Xamaamyada ama musqulaha loo baahan karo tiradooda? Waa intee tirade loogu talogalay dadka aan laxaadkoodu dhamaystirnayn iyo goobaha ku haboon in laga dhiso?

Goobaha ay mari karaan dadka wheechairka isticmaala ee loo baahan karo iyo qalabka lagu caawin karo dadka waaweyn ama laxaadkoodu dhiman yahay oo dabcan lagu ogaan karo marka la sii abla ableeyo rakaabka iyo noocyadooda (demographics).

Qorshaynta baaxada dhuleed ee goobaha ay dadku ku nasan karaan marka ay sugayaan duulimaadyadooda ayaa muhiim ah oo qayb wayn ka ah nafiska iyo raaxada dadka isticmaala garoomadu ay dareemaan.

Baaxada dhuleed ee halka loogu talogalay dukaamada iyo maqaaxiyaha loo baahan karo si dadku wax uga iibsadaan/cunaan inta ay ku jiraan garoonka dhexdiisa ee ay duulimaadyadooda sugayaan

Customska dawlada imisa goobood ayaa looga baahan yahay in ay xarumo ku yeeshaan gudaha garoonka? Bixida? Galida?

Alaabta ama cargo waa qayb muhiim ah oo ku lamaan dhismayaasha dadka (passenger terminals), sidaa daraadeed waa in la steeyo goobta laga dhisayo qaybta alaabooyinka oo dabcan ku xidhan qaybta rakaabka

Sallaamada socda (escalators), kuwa dadka u kala gudbiya dabaqyada (lifts) intee loo baahan karaa, iyada oo lagu xisaabtamayo nooca dadka dhoofaya (dad waaweyn, curyaan iwm)
Parkinka la dhigi doono gaadiidka dadka keenaya kana qaadi doona airportka ((Taxi, Bus, privaye cars, Air Taxi) oo si mustaqbalka la jaanqaadaysa loo qorsheeyo

Qorshaynta kharashka iyo wakhtiga

Arrimahan iyo kuwo kale oo badan iyo macluumaadyadii hore, marka la isla wada eego ee lagu saleeyo naqshadaynta garoonka (design/layout/architect) waxa la qiimeeyaa baahida hadda taagan ee ay tahay in la daboolo si degdeg ah iyo kharashka ama dhaqaalaha (Budget) mashruucan loo hayo.

Marka hawshaa la isla saxo, mashruuca waxa loo qaybiyaa dhawr marxaladood (phases) oo baahida jirta ku salaysan.

Tusaale ahaan, marxalada koowaad waxa xooga la saaraa baahida daruuriga ah ee hadda taagan oo ah dhismaha rakaabka (Passenger Terminal) ay isticmaali karaan sanadkii 2 million rakaab ah iyo adeegyadiisii oo dhamaystiran oo ay ku jirto dhabbaha (runwayga) oo laydh lagu xidho, navigation aidskii loo baahnaa ee farsamo ahaan suurtagalaya oo lagu xidho, towerka oo la qalabeeyo, qaybta alaabada (Cargo) oo la casriyeeyo iwm.

https://www.iata.org/en/publications/manuals/airport-infrastructure

Wajiga 2aadna waa kordhinta iyo balaadhinta dhismahaa rakaabka si ay u isticmaali karaan dad gaadhaya 5 million rakaab ahi sannadkii, bilowga dhabbe (runway) cusub oo garoonku yeesho, bilaabida dhismaha Tower qalabaysan oo cusub, bilaabida xarunta dabdemiska oo casri ah, bilaabida xarunta saadaasha hawada oo casri ah, bilaabida kaydka shidaalka oo casri ah, iwm

Wajiga 3aad waa dhamaystirka dhismaha rakaabka (Terminal) kaas oo u adeegi kara 10 million qof sanadkii, dhamaystirka dhabbaha diyaaradaha ee cususb, dhamaystirka qalabka towerka, dhamaystirka qaybta alaabta (cargo) iyo dhamaystirka dhamaanba adeegyadii kale oo dhan.

Maxaa dhici kara haddii si fiican loo saadaalin waayo rakaabka sanadaha soo socda?

Haddii saadaasha rakaabku ay khaldanto ama si aan sax ahayn loo sameeyo, waxa dhici karta in dhismayaashu yaraadaan ama koobnaadaan oo garoonkii cidhiidhi noqdo, safaf dhaadheer oo rakaabka ahi samaysmaan, habsan iyo dib u dhac ku yimaado diyaaradaha, badqabka garoonku hoos u dhaco, amnigu hoos u dhaco, fursadaha soo bixi doona aanuu airportku ka faa`iidaysan, iwm.

Dhinaca kale, haddii tirada rakaabka ee la saadaalinayo xoog loo buunbuuniyo oo kordhiyo, waxa soo bixi karaa garoon madhan oo bilaa rakaab ah, lacagtii ummadda ee meelo ku haboon oo kale gali lahayd oo la khasaariyey, dakhligii laga filayey in uu ka soo baxo oo aan ka soo bivin, iyo waxyaabo kale.

Sidaa daraadeed, taladaydu waa in tirada rakaabka isticmaali doona garoonka diyaaradaha ee Hargeisa International Airport 20ka sannadood ee soo socda lagu saleeyo in ay noqon doonto 10,000,000 milyan sanadkii. Waa garoon ka guuraya derejada “small” una guuraya “medium”.